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Jurassic Park, later referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction adventure media franchise created by Michael Crichton, centered on a disastrous attempt to creat…
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Investigate this subjectJurassic Park, later referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction adventure media franchise created by Michael Crichton, centered on a disastrous attempt to create an animal theme park of de-extinct dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published.
Jurassic Park, later referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction adventure media franchise created by Michael Crichton, centered on a disastrous attempt to create an animal theme park of de-extinct dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Crichton's 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a 1997 film adaptation, also directed by Spielberg. Crichton did not write any further sequels in the series, although Spielberg would return as executive producer for each subsequent film, starting with Jurassic Park III (2001).
In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was financially successful, and was followed by Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022). The Jurassic World films were co-written by Colin Trevorrow, who also directed the first and third installments in the trilogy. Jurassic World Rebirth, a new film set after the preceding trilogy, was theatrically released on July 2, 2025, without Trevorrow's involvement.
Numerous video games and comic books based on the franchise have been created since the release of the 1993 film, and several water rides have been opened at various Universal Studios theme parks. Lego has produced several animated projects based on the Jurassic World films, including Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar, a miniseries released in 2019. DreamWorks Animation also produced two animated series for Netflix, Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020–2022) and Jurassic World: Chaos Theory (2024–2025), both set during the Jurassic World trilogy.
Jurassic Park is one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. The film series is also one of the highest-grossing of all time, having earned over $6 billion at the worldwide box office as of 2022. The original Jurassic Park was the first to surpass $1 billion, doing so during its 2013 re-release. This was followed by each installment in the Jurassic World trilogy.
The Jurassic Park franchise focuses on genetically engineered dinosaurs running amok on an island theme park off the coast of Costa Rica. The dinosaurs are cloned by extracting ancient DNA from mosquitoes, which sucked the blood of dinosaurs and then became fossilized in amber, preserving the DNA. Scientists then fill gaps in the genome using frog DNA. Although the films primarily take place on fictional islands located in the Pacific coast of Central America, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022) see the dinosaurs relocated throughout the world, including the U.S. mainland.
The film series' recreation of dinosaurs was achieved primarily through animatronics and computer-generated imagery. The first film was praised for its dinosaur effects, and created an increased interest in the field of paleontology, while changing the public perception of dinosaurs with its modern portrayal.
The World trilogy largely ignored recent paleontological findings to maintain continuity with the Park trilogy, leading to criticism among paleontologists. Both Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World include a scene where a character states that any inaccuracies in the dinosaurs can be attributed to the fact that they are genetically-engineered animals. To better reflect modern discoveries, Jurassic World Dominion (2022) expanded upon the concept of feathered dinosaurs which was first introduced in Jurassic Park III (2001).
International Genetic Technologies, Inc. (InGen) is the fictional company responsible for cloning the dinosaurs. According to the novels, it is based in Palo Alto, California, and has one location in Europe as well. Nevertheless, most of InGen's research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar, near Costa Rica. While the first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start-ups, the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method for cloning dinosaurs, which would be placed in an island theme park attraction.
InGen was well established in the first novel as the entity behind the park, but for simplicity the first film emphasized the Jurassic Park brand. The InGen name is visible in the film — on computer screens, helicopters, etc. — but is never spoken. InGen's corporate identity is more prominent in the second film. By the time that Jurassic World takes place, InGen and all its intellectual property have been subsidized by the Masrani Global Corporation. After InGen went defunct, it is revealed in Jurassic World Rebirth, that pharmaceutical company ParkerGenix had obtained InGen's files and dinosaur tracking systems for their agendas.
Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describes InGen as comparable to other "sleazy organizations". Other sources reference the company's receiving a baby T. rex (in The Lost World: Jurassic Park) as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in the 1933 film King Kong. Ken Gelder describes InGen as "resolutely secretive", like the tax firm in John Grisham's 1991 novel The Firm.
In the novels, Biosyn Corporation (or Biosyn for short) is InGen's corporate rival, based in Cupertino, California. The company is controversial for its industrial espionage in the genetics industry. Lewis Dodgson, an employee of Biosyn, helps the company in its theft of corporate secrets. Biosyn is interested in acquiring InGen's dinosaur DNA, believing the animals present a variety of uses such as hunting trophies and pharmaceutical test subjects.
Dodgson makes only
Source: Jurassic Park (franchise) (CC BY-SA)
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