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opinion journalist
Opinion journalism is a genre of journalism in which the journalist gives their own commentary, analysis or interpretation of an issue or attempts to persuade the reader of a certain viewpoint. The opinions expressed may be, depending on the type of opinion journalism, either the journalist's personal views or the stance of the publication for which they are writing. The most common types of opinion journalism are editorials, op-eds, columns and news analyses.
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Opinion journalism is a genre of journalism in which the journalist gives their own commentary, analysis or interpretation of an issue or attempts to persuade the reader of a certain viewpoint. The opinions expressed may be, depending on the type of opinion journalism, either the journalist's personal views or the stance of the publication for which they are writing. The most common types of opinion journalism are editorials, op-eds, columns and news analyses.
Opinion journalism is a genre of journalism in which the journalist gives their own commentary, analysis or interpretation of an issue or attempts to persuade the reader of a certain viewpoint. The opinions expressed may be, depending on the type of opinion journalism, either the journalist's personal views or the stance of the publication for which they are writing. The most common types of opinion journalism are editorials, op-eds, columns and news analyses.
Opinion became common in journalism in the late 1400s with the advent of the printing press and the end of feudalism. Fact was inseparable from opinion in journalism until the 19th century, after the telegraph was invented and newspapers began to hire long-distance reporters; in the United States, objectivity turned into a standard, so opinion pieces started being placed in a designated section to distinguish them from fact-based news. Countries outside of the United States continued to incorporate commentary and opinion into their reportage. After television became the primary means of reportage in the mid-twentieth century, American news gradually returned to being opinionated. Online journalism appeared after the internet was invented in the 1990s.
Opinion journalism encompasses any form of journalism in which the journalist states their (or the publication's) view on an issue (often political), attempts to persuade the reader to adopt a certain point of view, provides commentary on an event, analyses a situation or satirises public figures. Any article of opinion journalism is called an opinion piece.
Opinion journalism differs stylistically from informational journalism in that it might come from the first person, contain loaded language, contain personal perspectives like anecdotes or use rhetoric to advance a point.
In newspapers, opinion pieces are located in a dedicated section, which is typically headed with "analysis", "review", "opinion" or "editorial", to distinguish the articles in the section from informational news. On websites, opinion pieces might be distinguished in a variety of ways, or not at all. Some online news outlets put the word "opinion" next to their opinion pieces' headlines.
Opinion journalism and informational journalism have been conflated both in the 21st century and throughout journalism's history; opinion journalism usually contains factual information and informational journalism often contains the journalist's opinions and commentary.
Opinion journalism has multiple functions. A commonly stated one is to act as a "point of view" for the audience; that is to say, an opinion writer's commentary and analysis provides a variety of perspectives on a subject so that one can counter preexisting beliefs, consider every possible viewpoint and decide what one's own opinion should be. The commentary in opinion journalism also informs readers of the reasons for, the contexts behind and the connections between problems, events or situations. By giving people arguments that they can use to debate the answers to difficult questions, opinion journalists' work increases discourse between members of the public on the issues they cover. Many opinion journalists try, like news journalists, to hold public officials accountable and advocate for the public's best interests through their journalism.
There are four common types of opinion journalism: editorials, op-eds, columns and news analyses.
Editorial
An editorial attempts to advance a specific point of view or incite its reader to do something. Editorials represent the viewpoints of an entire publication or editorial board, not only its author's; thus it may be authored by multiple people or published anonymously, in which case it is an "unsigned editorial". Editorials might include statistics and objective information gained from the publication's ordinary news coverage in order to strengthen their arguments. Editorials in newspapers are on the left side of the last page.
Op-ed
In Europe in the late 1400s, the feudal system collapsed and the recently invented printing press became ubiquitous. Hitherto, journalists would note only what they observed, leaving out any interpretations or commentary, and submit their handwritten reports to their readership (usually members of the wealthy elite). Feudalism's replacement with capitalism and the printing press's ability to quickly produce documents (pamphlets, books and news sheets) turned writing into a commodity. Journalists began to incorporate their own opinions and personalities into their writing in order to draw readers. British journalist Bob Franklin considered Michel de Montaigne, who wrot
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Column
A column expresses the opinions of its author, who usually works for the publication, and does not always argue for a specific point. Columns are definitionally broader than editorials and encompass any non-fact-based article that is neither an editorial nor an op-ed. They may include personal anecdotes, whereas editorials and op-eds generally cannot. A column may engage in polemics, analyse an issue, give advice to the reader or mock a public figure. A series of columns written by the same author may feature regularly, such as on a weekly basis, in the publication. Columns in newspapers are on the reverse side of the first page.
News analysis
A news analysis, which is usually authored by a regular journalist and not an editorialist, includes the journalist's analysis, commentary and predictions of an event. In an analysis a journalist may relate a contemporary event to similar happenings throughout history or explain how events lead to one another or are connected.
