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PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment was a British-American film production company founded in 1975 as an American film studio, which became a European competitor to Hollywood within two decades, but was eventually sold to Seagram in 1998 and was folded into Universal Pictures in 1999. Among its most successful and well known films were The Deep (1977), Midnight Express (1978), An American Werewolf in London (1981), Flashdance (1983), Batman (1989), Candyman (1992), Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), The Usual Suspects (1995), Dead Man Walking (1995), Fargo (1996), Trainspotting (1996), The Game (19

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PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as Filmworks, Casablanca Record & Filmworks, PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a British-American film production company founded in 1975 as an American film studio, which became a European competitor to Hollywood within two decades, but was eventually sold to Seagram in 1998 and was folded into Universal Pictures in 1999. Among its most successful and well known films were The Deep (1977), Midnight Express (1978), An American Werewolf in London (1981), Flashdance (1983), Batman (1989), Candyman (1992), Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), The Usual Suspects (1995), Dead Man Walking (1995), Fargo (1996), Trainspotting (1996), The Game (1997), The Big Lebowski (1998), Notting Hill (1999), and Pitch Black (2000).

Overview

In 1975, Peter Guber formed its own production company FilmWorks, then in 1976, it became Casablanca Record & FilmWorks after a merger with Casablanca Records, which PolyGram got a 50% by 1977, and by 1980, PolyGram took the other 50% stake in the company and renamed the film unit as PolyGram Pictures.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1995, PolyGram purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million.

In May 1998, PolyGram was sold to Seagram, which, at the time, owned both Universal Pictures and Universal Music Group (UMG), for $10 billion. Seagram however, was only interested in PolyGram's music division and immediately sold off some of PolyGram's film and television assets: The pre-March 1996 PFE library (including the Epic library) was sold to MGM for $250 million, the ITC Entertainment library was sold to Carlton Communications for £91 million, and PolyGram's US distribution operation was sold to USA Network.

FilmWorks, Casablanca Record & FilmWorks and PolyGram Pictures

In 1975, Peter Guber quit Columbia Pictures to start out FilmWorks with a producing deal. A year later, during the production of The Deep, it was merged with Casablanca Records to form Casablanca Record & FilmWorks. The company would enjoy success with The Deep and Midnight Express. The music company PolyGram (owned by Dutch-based Philips and Germany's Siemens) bought out its share of Casablanca Record & FilmWorks in 1977. Two years later, in 1979, Casablanca Record & Filmworks left Columbia Pictures to join Universal Pictures, and gave Casablanca Record & Filmworks creative control over the pictures. A year later, PolyGram took on its stake of the company and it was renamed to PolyGram Pictures in 1980. PolyGram reserved the finances and Guber would run as CEO. Guber would form a partnership with Barbra Streisand's hairdresser Jon Peters, who co-produced his client's A Star Is Born remake. Peters would produce PolyGram's films, and eventually become a stockholder with Guber. He had intended to work with Boardwalk Records, but he was forced to join PolyGram Pictures instead.

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

In the early 1980s, PolyGram Video was launched. PolyGram Video, headed by Michael Kuhn and David Hockman, was created to distribute concert films and feature films acquired from third-parties, as well as long-form music videos and stand-up comedy videos from the likes of Roy Chubby Brown, Jethro and Bernard Manning (though they would later add Jim Davidson, Billy Connolly and Lee Evans to their stand-up comedy video lineup when they purchased Vision Video Ltd in 1993). In 1986, a joint venture with Heron Communications, Channel 5 Video, began operation. Channel 5 Video later began to obtain the rights to titles from Heron's U.S. children's arm, Hi-Tops Video. Kuhn and Hockman were able to parlay PolyGram Video's success into financing feature films. The first film produced by PolyGram's new film division was P.I. Private Investigations in 1987. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1989, PolyGram launched Manifesto Film Sales to handle the licensing of films outside North America. In 1991, PolyGram's Michael Kuhn became the head of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, with US$200 million pumped in with the intention of developing a European film studio that could produce and dis

来源：PolyGram Filmed Entertainment （CC BY-SA）

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