The site was occupied by the former Salford Grammar School from 1956 until its closure in 1973. Buile Hill High School, a new 11 to 16 comprehensive school, was opened on part of the site in the same year. The grammar school's sixth form, along with that of Pendleton High School for Girls, was transferred to nearby Pendleton College. The school continued to share a playing field with Pendleton College, across the field to the north. The school buildings are over 100 years old in some parts. The acting headteacher of the grammar school at the time of its closure, Robert Blackmore, became Buile Hill's first head, and remained in the position until 1982.
In 1976, two boys aged 15 and 16 set fires in the school, causing damages costing £30,000 (equivalent to £238,286 in 2024) and destroying rare books in the library. A new art block was opened in 1989 by artist Harold Riley, a former Salford Grammar School pupil, to replace an ageing block at the school that had once been part of Pendleton High School for Girls. In 1995 the school received funding from the Foundation for Sport and the Arts to equip its new drama studio.
In 2001, Windsor Community High School was closed and its pupils transferred to Buile Hill and Hope high schools, resulting in an expansion of the school.
In 2002 staff at the school worked towards raising the £50,000 needed to apply to the Department for Education to become a specialist arts school. Buile Hill held a Valentine's Day ball featuring Coronation Street actors, and considered selling a painting by L.S. Lowry owned by the school. The school received an Artsmark Gold Award in May 2006 and was renamed Buile Hill Visual Arts College. It is one of the few schools in the Salford area with a fully working theatre and performance space.
In the summer of 2006, the headteacher Gena Merrett left and was replaced by a new 'super head', Phil Fitzpatrick. Fitzpatrick was contracted for two years with an above-average annual salary of £100,000 to improve the school's results and prepare for the move into its new buildings in 2008. However, Fitzpatrick failed to achieve the results that the council had been looking for, and in 2007 he left by mutual agreement after just two terms.
In 2007 the school's results on the standard measure (% of pupils reaching 5 GCSEs at grades A*-C) jumped from 26% to 52%. The school underwent an Ofsted inspection in October 2007 which described it as satisfactory overall with elements of good.
The school was rebuilt on the adjacent field and completed in 2008. The original buildings from 1956 were demolished in the process. The new buildings were funded through a Private Finance Initiative. In 2010 the school was issued with an ultimatum by the council to either improve standards or face closure or conversion to a privately backed academy.