作品1986
MS-DOS 4.0 was a multitasking release of MS-DOS developed by Microsoft based on MS-DOS 2.0. Lack of interest from OEMs, particularly IBM, led to it being released only in a scaled-back form. It is sometimes referred to as European MS-DOS 4.0, as it was primarily used there. It should not be confused with PC DOS 4.00 or MS-DOS 4.01 and later, which did not contain the multi-tasking features.
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MS-DOS 4.0 was a multitasking release of MS-DOS developed by Microsoft based on MS-DOS 2.0. Lack of interest from OEMs, particularly IBM, led to it being released only in a scaled-back form. It is sometimes referred to as European MS-DOS 4.0, as it was primarily used there. It should not be confused with PC DOS 4.00 or MS-DOS 4.01 and later, which did not contain the multi-tasking features.
MS-DOS 4.0 was a multitasking release of MS-DOS developed by Microsoft based on MS-DOS 2.0. Lack of interest from OEMs, particularly IBM (who previously gave Microsoft multitasking code on IBM PC DOS included with TopView), led to it being released only in a scaled-back form. It is sometimes referred to as European MS-DOS 4.0, as it was primarily used there. It should not be confused with PC DOS 4.00 or MS-DOS 4.01 and later, which did not contain the multi-tasking features.
Apricot Computers pre-announced "MS-DOS 4.0" in early 1986, and Microsoft demonstrated it in September of that year at a Paris trade show. However, only a few European OEMs, such as SMT Goupil and International Computers Limited (ICL), actually licensed releases of the software. In particular, IBM declined the product, concentrating instead on improvements to MS-DOS 3.x and their new joint development with Microsoft to produce OS/2.
As a result, the project was scaled back, and only those features promised to particular OEMs were delivered. In September 1987, a version of multi-tasking MS-DOS 4.1 was reported to be developed for the ICL DRS Professional Workstation (PWS). This ICL/MS MS-DOS 4.10.20 version was released on October 28, 1987. A further ICL/MS MS-DOS 4.10.30 version was released on May 10, 1988. No further releases were made once the contracts had been fulfilled. The ICL/MS-DOS 4.10 Multitasking operating system on the ICL M60/M80 machines has support for MS-WINDOWS 1.xx and MS-WINDOWS 2.xx, including MS-WINDOWS 2.xx 286/386 in 8086 mode.
In July 1988, IBM announced "IBM DOS 4.0", an unrelated product continuing from DOS 3.3 and 3.4, leading to initial conjecture that might release it under a different version number. However, Microsoft eventually released it as " 4.0", with a MS-DOS 4.01 following quickly to fix issues many had reported.
As well as minor improvements such as support for the New Executable file format, the key feature of the release was its support for preemptive multitasking. This did not use the protected mode available on 80386 processors, but allowed specially-written programs to continue executing in a "background mode", where they had no access to user input and output until returned to the foreground. The OS was reported to include a time-sliced scheduler and interprocess communication via pipes and shared memory. This limited form of multitasking was considered to be more useful in a server rather than workstation environment, particularly coupled with MS-Net 2.0, which was released simultaneously.
Other limitations of MS-DOS 3.0 remained, including the inability to use memory above 640 KB, and this contributed to the product's lack of adoption, particularly in light of the need to write programs specifically targeted at the new environment.
MS-DOS Version 4.10.20 supports the following external commands:
"Microsoft to Make MS-DOS 4.0, MS-Net 2.0 Available in Fourth Quarter". InfoWorld. September 29, 1986.
Osterman, Larry (March 22, 2004). "Did you know that OS/2 wasn't Microsoft's first non Unix multi-tasking operating system?". MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011.
Brooks, Vernon C. "Information about the little known multitasking MS-DOS 4.0". PC DOS Retro. Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
Necasek, Michal (March 11, 2013). "Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0 Lives". OS/2 Museum. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
出典: MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking) (CC BY-SA)
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The final versions of MS-DOS 4.0 are closest to MS-DOS 3.2.
The final ICL MS-DOS 4.10 version is closest to MS-DOS 3.3+, and real-mode programs can page-by-page switch memory banks using the EEMM.sys driver and can run in the background without interfering with one another.
(This is only on ICL M60/M80 machines which can use up to 12MB of Extended/Expanded memory.)
INT 21h/AH=87h can be used to distinguish between the multitasking MS-DOS 4.x and the later MS-DOS/PC DOS 4.x issues.
Microsoft president Jon Shirley described it as a "specialized version" and went as far as saying "maybe we shouldn't have called it DOS 4.0", although it is not clear whether this was always the intention, or if a more enthusiastic response from OEMs would have resulted in it being the true successor to DOS 3.x. The marketing positioned it as an additional option between DOS 3.x for workstations, and Xenix for higher-end servers and multiuser systems.
